"The Double-Edged Sword of Rising Interest Rates: How It Can Cause a Credit Crunch and Hurt the US Economy"

"The Double-Edged Sword of Rising Interest Rates: How It Can Cause a Credit Crunch and Hurt the US Economy"

 


Investors are growing increasingly concerned about

the possibility of a credit crunch hitting the US

economy, which could potentially trigger a recession.

This comes after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank

and Signature Bank in March, causing prominent

economists like Nouriel Roubini, Bill Gross, and

Jeffrey Gundlach to warn of an impending credit

crunch.


Americans are already feeling the impact, with a

rising number of households reporting a

deterioration in their access to credit. The New York

Federal Reserve's consumer expectations survey

found that the share of respondents reporting this

has hit a new high.


While some experts are describing the current

situation as a "credit squeeze," others warn that if

left unchecked, it could escalate into a full-blown

credit crunch, leading to more stringent lending

standards and making it harder and more expensive

for consumers and businesses to obtain loans.


It's important to note that a credit crunch can have

far-reaching consequences, affecting everything

from small businesses to large corporations, and

potentially leading to widespread job losses and a

drop in economic growth.


However, it's worth noting that the situation is still

developing, and it's not yet clear whether a credit

crunch is imminent. Nonetheless, investors are

advised to stay vigilant and keep a close eye on

market developments to stay ahead of potential risks.


So, what's driving credit crunch fears?

Banking turmoil:

The recent collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and

Signature Bank has raised concerns about the

possibility of regional US banks facing similar

troubles. The withdrawal of funds by depositors has

led to a surge in the movement of funds from regional

banks to money-market funds, which are perceived to

be safer and offer better yields than uninsured

deposits.


This trend has resulted in an outflow of approximately

$120 billion in deposits from small banks in just one

week, according to Federal Reserve data released on

Friday. This deposit outflow has sparked worries

among investors that regional banks may face "bank

runs," which could lead to a credit crunch if lenders

become wary and pull back to limit their exposure.


Ian Shepherdson, chief economist at Pantheon

Macroeconomics, commented in a recent CNBC

interview that this trend of deposit outflows from

banks and inflows to money-market funds could lead

to banks halting lending activities in order to survive.

The potential impact of a credit crunch could be

significant, with businesses and consumers finding it

harder and more expensive to obtain loans.


It is worth noting that while concerns are mounting,

it is not yet clear whether a credit crunch is

imminent. Nonetheless, it is crucial for investors and

bank management to remain vigilant and closely

monitor market developments to stay ahead of

potential risks.

Higher interest rates:

The US Federal Reserve's decision to raise interest

rates to as high as 5% from almost zero in the past

year has caused concern about a potential credit

crunch. The steepest increase in US borrowing costs

since the 1980s is an attempt to rein in surging

inflation, but it has also increased the risk for mid-

sized and smaller lenders, leading to a flight of

deposits. According to JPMorgan, around $1 trillion in

deposits have been withdrawn from the "most

vulnerable US banks" since the Fed began raising

interest rates in March 2022.


This outflow of deposits could lead to a tightening of

lending standards as banks become more cautious.

High interest rates have also caused an increase in

borrowing costs, which could result in borrowers

being unable to repay their loans, increasing the risk

of loan defaults. The decline in the value of banks'

bonds and other assets due to higher rates is also a

cause for concern, specifically in the commercial

real-estate business.


Prominent figures such as Bill Gross and Jeffrey

Gundlach have warned about the potential impact of

higher rates on banks' balance sheets, as well as their

exposure to greater risks of loan defaults. However, it

is unclear how much the spate of bank failures that

have already occurred will lead to a general

contraction in credit. Experts predict that the Fed is

unlikely to cut rates until December 2023, which

could mean further issues in the meantime.


The impact of a credit crunch could be significant,

with businesses and consumers finding it harder and

more expensive to obtain loans. It is important for

investors and bank management to closely monitor

the situation and be prepared to take proactive steps

to mitigate any potential risks.

Fed uncertainty:

The possibility of tighter lending standards creates a

challenge for the US central bank, making it difficult

to predict how much of an impact further rate hikes

could have on credit and economic growth. As Preston

Caldwell, chief US economist at Morningstar

Research, pointed out, "The credit crunch

complicates the Fed's job because it creates

uncertainty about the sensitivity of the economy to

changes in monetary policy." The Fed will have to

navigate this delicate balance carefully to prevent a

potential credit crunch from turning into a broader

recession.

Recession risks:

If a credit crunch leads to a spike in loan defaults and

bankruptcies, it could seriously damage banks and

the wider financial system, potentially exacerbating

the economic downturn. The credit crunch poses a

considerable challenge for the US central bank,

complicating its efforts to determine the sensitivity of

the economy to changes in monetary policy. All in all,

investors and economists are keeping a close eye on

how this situation will unfold and its impact on the US

economy.